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The Epic Interactive Encyclopedia 1998
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Epic Interactive Encyclopedia, The - 1998 Edition (1998)(Epic Marketing).iso
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Pasteurization
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1992-09-02
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Treatment of food to reduce the number of
microorganisms it contains and so protect
consumers from disease. Harmful bacteria are
killed and the development of others is
delayed. For milk, the method involves
heating it to 72 degrees C/161 degrees F for
15 seconds followed by rapid cooling to 10
degrees C/50 degrees F or lower. The
experiments of Louis Pasteur on wine and beer
in the 1850s and 1860s showed how heat
treatment slowed the multiplication of
bacteria and thereby the process of souring.
Pasteurization of milk made headway in the
dairy industries of Scandinavia and the USA
before 1900 because of the realization that
it also killed off bacteria associated with
the diseases of tuberculosis, typhoid,
diptheria, and dysentery. In Britain,
progress was slower but with encouragement
from the 1922 Milk and Dairies Act the number
of milk-processing plants gradually increased
in the years before the World War II. In the
1990s nearly all liquid milk sold in the UK
is heat treated and available in pasteurized,
sterilized, or ultra-heat-treated (UHT) form.
UHT milk is heated to at least 132 degrees
C/269 degrees F for one second to give it a
shelf life of several months.